Article

Name: Names of domestic animals in the Altai language and its dialects

Authors: N. V. Erlenbaeva, S. B. Sarbasheva

Gorno-Altaisk State University, Gorno-Altaisk, Russia

In the section Лексикология

Abstract:

The article provides a systematic description of the lexemes for the first time, denoting domestic animals in the Altai language and its dialects, focusing on vocabulary formation methods and identifying semantic motivation in the analyzed lexemes. The data were taken from etymological and translation dictionaries to determine word origins. The study used descriptive and comparative methods along with lexical-semantic and motivational analyses. The generic and specific names of domestic animals are considered: mal (cattle, herd), at (horse), bee (mare), aigyr (stallion), kulun (foal), uy (cow), buka (bull), bozu (calf), koi (sheep), kuragan (lamb), echki (goat), teke (does goat), uulak (goat kid), tӧӧ (camel bull), bura (camel cow), botoo/botoon (camel cub), and others. The Altai language is known to preserve lexemes of Turkic origin distinct in phonetic features. Consonants are characterized by voicing, clicking, disaffrication, reduction, voicing of the voiceless consonants, and consonant elision. Vowels are characterized by lengthening, elision of the consonant ɣ resulting in the formation of a long vowel, reduction of a super-short, weakly tense consonant, reduction of the initial narrow vowel, delabialization, or debulking. Besides Turkic borrowings, the Altai language also has some words of Mongolian origin. Lexico-syntactic nominations have been found to be semantically based on animals’ physical characteristics, such as gender, size, and seasonal aspects. In addition, characteristics specific to certain animals have been identified, such as broken or unbroken for horses and horned or hornless for cows.

Keywords: Altai language, lexicology, word formation, phonetic variants, livestock vocabulary, semantic motivation, pets, zoonyms

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