Article

Name: The structure of simple action sentences in the Koryak language and the ways of their metaphorization

Authors: A. A. Cheprasova

Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

In the section Синтаксис

Abstract:

The Koryak language features an isosemic way of expressing an action model in the form of an elementary simple sentence, including a subject in the form of the ergative or instrumental case, an object in the form of the absolutive, and an action predicate. The case used for marking the subject-agent depends on its belonging to a particular part of speech, with personal pronouns marked with the ergative case and nouns with the instrumental one. The way of expressing an object cannot be varied: it always takes the form of an absolute case. The position of an instrument is optional: it is implemented if a predicate or a linguistic situation requires it and is formed by the instrumental case. The instrument represents a dependent reduced action proposition: “who does what” and, at the same time, “who uses what” to implement the action expressed by the main proposition. It is possible for the action model to be metaphorically transferred from the physical sphere to the intellectual, mental, and social spheres. When transferred to the intellectual sphere, the action model indicates the transfer of an ideal object, that of information; when transferred to the mental sphere, it denotes auditory and visual perception; when transferred to the social sphere, it expresses the meaning of possession.

Keywords: elementary simple sentence, action sentence, ergative language, Koryak language

Bibliography:

Babenko L. G. Tolkovyy slovar’ russkikh glagolov: Ideograficheskoe opisanie: Angliyskie ekvivalenty. Sinonimy. Antonimy [Explanatory dictionary of Russian verbs: Ideographic description: English equivalents. Synonyms. Antonyms]. Moscow, 1999, 693 p. (In Russ.).

Barkalova M. V. Funktsional’no-semanticheskaya klassifikatsiya glagol’nykh modeley nenetskogo yazyka [Functional-semantic classification of verbal models of the Nenets language]. In: Yazyki korennykh narodov Sibiri [Languages of the indigenous peoples of Siberia]. Novosibirsk, 2004, iss. 14, pp. 171–217. (In Russ.).

Bulygina T. V., Seliverstova O. N., Ishevskaya N. A. Semanticheskie tipy predikatov [Semantic types of predicates]. Moscow, Nauka, 1982, 365 p. (In Russ.).

Cheyf U. Znachenie i struktura yazyka [Meaning and structure of the language]. Moscow, Progress, 1975, 430 p. (In Russ.).

Kil’dibekova T. A. Glagoly deystviya v sovremennom russkom yazyke: Opyt funktsional’no-semanticheskogo analiza [Action verbs in modern Russian: The experience of functional and semantic analysis]. Saratov, Izd. Sarat. univ., 1985, 157 p. (In Russ.).

Koshkareva N. B. Aktsional’nye predlozheniya v khantyyskom i nenetskom yazykakh: semantika i puti metaforizatsii [Action sentences in Khanty and Nenets languages: Semantics and ways of metaphorization]. Siberian Journal of Philology. 2019а, no. 4, pp. 267‒280. (In Russ.).

Koshkareva N. B. Metod modelirovaniya struktury i semantiki elementarnogo prostogo predlozheniya kak edinicy yazyka [A method for modeling the structure and semantics of an elementary simple sentence as a language sign]. NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication. 2006, vol. 4, iss. 2, pp. 64–76. (In Russ.).

Koshkareva N. B. Paradigma akcional’nyh predlozhenij v hantyjskom i neneckom yazykah [The paradigm of action sentences in the Khanty and Nenets languages]. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2019b, vol. 18, no. 9: Filologiya [Philology]. pp. 102–126. (In Russ.).

Koshkareva N. B. Tipovye sintaksicheskie struktury i ih semantika v ural’skih yazykah Sibiri [Typical syntactic structures and their semantics in the Uralic languages of Siberia]. Abstract of Dr. philol. sci. diss. Novosibirsk, 2007, 47 p. (In Russ.).

Koshkareva N. B. Tipovye sintaksicheskie struktury v yazykah raznyh sistem kak otrazhenie edinic yazyka i rechi [Typical syntactic structures in languages of different systems as a reflection of units of language and speech]. Siberian Journal of Philology. 2015, no. 2, pp. 14‒26. (In Russ.).

Moll T. A. Koryaksko-russkiy slovar’ [Koryak-Russian dictionary]. Leningrad, Uchpedgiz, Leningr. otd., 1960, 236 p. (In Russ., In Koryak).

Samoylova E. G. Sistema modeley elementarnykh prostykh predlozheniy v evenkiyskom yazyke [The system of models of elementary simple sentences in the Evenk language]. Thesis. Novosibirsk, 2002.

Shmeleva T. V. Semanticheskiy sintaksis: Tekst lektsiy iz kursa “Sovremennyy russkiy yazyk” [Semantic syntax: Text of lectures from the course “Modern Russian language”]. Krasnoyarsk, 1988, 54 p. (In Russ.).

Tatevosov S. G. Aktsional’nost’ v leksike i grammatike [Actionality in vocabulary and grammar]. Abstract of Dr. philol. sci. diss. Moscow, 2010, 43 p. (In Russ.).

Vasil’ev L. M. Sistemnyy semanticheskiy slovar’ russkogo yazyka. Predikatnaya leksika [A system semantic dictionary of the Russian language. Predicate vocabulary]. Ufa, 2005, 464 p. (In Russ.).

Zhukova A. N. Grammatika koryakskogo yazyka: fonetika, morfologiya [Grammar of the Koryak language: phonetics, morphology]. Leningrad, Nauka, 1972, 323 p. (In Russ.).

Zolotova G. A. Kommunikativnye aspekty russkogo sintaksisa [Communicative aspects of Russian syntax]. Moscow, 1982, 368 p. (In Russ.).