Article

Name: Somatisms as the basis for word formation in the Khakass language

Authors: I. M. Chebochakova

Khakass Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, Abakan, Russian Federation

In the section Linguistics

Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to identify peculiarities of somatisms in the Khakass language in terms of their word formative possibilities and to determine their specificity that reveals the peculiarities of the Khakass people’s perception of the world through the prism of word formation. It has been established that different means of word formation are specialised in the expression of word formation meanings of different types. In the sphere of names, the meanings of possession, diminutiveness and locativeness are freely expressed by means of word formative affixation. The Khakass people’s understanding of typical actions, which are performed with body parts of a man or of them, is expressed in the sphere of derived verbs of an affixation type. Derivatives of an analytical type with subordinating relation of components in case of stem composition of somatisms with each other express relations of a part and a whole and in case of stem composition of somatisms with words of topical group «Illness» replenish this topical group. Paired stem composition is specialized in the expression of the meaning of collectivity. The specificity of word formation is associated with the reflection in the meanings of derivative words of the features of the traditional outlook and world outlook of the people. It particularly refers to the names of the most important parts of the body: head, eyes, arm, leg, heart, liver, lungs. The word-building nests with the vertices denoting these parts of a body have a large number of derived words.

Keywords: word formation, the khakass language, lexical and semantic group, somatism, derived word, word formative possibilities, word formative nest, word formative meanings, mean of word formation, principle of anthropomorphism, national and cultural specificity

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