Article

Name: Differential Object Marking in Tuvan language: dependence on the function and nature of the definition

Authors: Сh. G. Ondar

Aldan Maadyr National Museum of the Republic of Tuva, Kyzyl, Russian Federation

In the section Синтаксис

Abstract: For the Tuvan language, factors influencing Differential Object Marking remain uncovered despite extensive studies on the topic. This is due to the numerous cases of forms of the primary and accusative cases of the direct object replacing each other without noticeably changing the meaning of the sentence. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate all the causes of variation and establish their interactions. The current study focuses on the dependence of the direct object labeling on the function and the nature of the definition in the Tuvan language. The paper highlights the interaction of semantic, syntactic, communicative, and pragmatic factors influencing the choice of labeling. The analysis revealed that the direct object with the definition as a whole does not require a case. Firstly, the semantics of definition occupies a decisive place, as in the case of indexical pronouns (as a means of expressing anaphoric and deictic meanings). Secondly, the communicative role of the defined object in the utterance is of significance. The definition acts as a link between the object defined and the previous reference to that object, indicating information about the object that is already familiar to the addressee. Thirdly, discursive factors are distinct and important, including the speaker’s intention to clarify the referent or generalize by different means the meaning of the referent in the discourse depending on his or her goal. Thus, the referential properties of definitions alone do not allow unambiguously predicting the labeling of the nominal group.

Keywords: Tuvan language, differential object marking, referential status, communicative linguistics, actual division of a sentence

Bibliography:

Aissen J. Differential Object Marking: Iconicity vs. Economy. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. 2003, iss. 21, pp. 435–483. (In Russ.).

Baskakov N. A. Istoriko-tipologicheskaya morfologiya tyurkskikh yazykov [Historical-typological morphology of the Turkic languages]. Moscow, Nauka, 1979, 276 p. (In Russ.).

Batmanov I. A. Upotreblenie padezhey v kirgizskom yazyke [The use of cases in the Kyrgyz language]. Frunze-Kazan, Kirgizgosizdat, 1938, 45 p. (In Russ.).

Borgoyakova M. I. Razvitie padezhnykh form i ikh znacheniy v khakasskom yazyke [The development of case forms and their meanings in Khakass language]. Abakan, Khakasskoe otd. Krasnoyarskogo kn. izd., 1976, 160 p. (In Russ.).

Bossong G. Differentielle Objektmarkierung in den Neuiranischen Sprachen. Tübingen, Narr, 1985.

Bossong G. Differential object marking in Romance and beyond. In: New Analysis in Romance Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 18 Linguistics Symposium on Romance Languages. D. Wanner, D. Kibbee (Eds), 1991.

Cheremisina M. I., Ozonova A. A., Tazranova A. R. Elementarnoe prostoe predlozhenie s glagol'nym skazuemym v tyurkskikh yazykakh Yuzhnoy Sibiri [Elementary simple sentence with a verbal predicate in Turkic languages of Southern Siberia]. Novosibirsk, 2008, 205 p.

Daržay A. A. Čurttaarïn küzeziŋze [If you want to live]. Kïzïl, TïvNÜČ, 1984. 200 p. (In Tuv.).

Dalrymple M., Nikolaeva I. Objects and information structure. Cambridge, CUP, 2011.

Damba-Xuurak O. Articles from the site http://orlan.tuva.ru (accessed: 12.03.2011). (In Tuv.).

Grammatika altayskogo yazyka [Grammar of the Altai Language]. Kazan, Tip. univ., 1869, 298 p. (In Russ.).

Iskhakov F. G., Pal’mbakh A. A. Grammatika tuvinskogo yazyka: fonetika i morfologiya [Grammar of the Tuvan language: phonetics and morphology]. Moscow, Vost. lit., 1961, 472 p. (In Russ.).

Kazem-Bek A. K. Obshchaya grammatika turetsko-tatarskikh yazykov [General grammar of the Turkish- Tatar languages]. Kazan, Tip. univ., 1846, 475 p. (In Russ.).

Lyutikova E. A., Ron’ko R. V., Tsimmerling A. V. Differentsirovannoe markirovanie argumentov: semantika, morfologiya, sintaksis [Differential marking of arguments: semantics, morphology, syntax]. Voprosy Jazykoznanija (Topics in the study of language). 2016, vol. 6, pp. 113–127. (In Russ.).

Malchukov A. L. Animacy and Asymmetries in Differential Case Marking. Lingua. 2008, vol. 118(2), pp. 203–221.

Mayzel’ S. S. Izafet v turetskom yazyke [Isafet in Turkish language]. Moscow, Leningrad, AN SSSR, 1957, 186 p. (In Russ.).

Murav’eva I. A. O traktovke neoformlennogo imeni v tyurkskikh yazykakh [On the interpretation of the unformed name in the Turkic languages]. In: Issledovaniya po teorii grammatiki. Vyp. 4: Grammaticheskie kategorii v diskurse [Studies in the theory of grammar. Issue 4: Grammatical categories in discourse]. V. A. Plungyan (Ed. in Ch.). Moscow, Gnozis, 2008, pp. 321–422. (In Russ.).

Sereedar N. Ch. Znacheniya pryamogo ob”ekta v modeli deystviya v tuvinskom yazyke [Meanings of direct object in the model of action in the Tuvan language]. The New Research of Tuva. 2009, no. 4, pp. 189–201. https://nit.tuva.asia/nit/article/view/602 (accessed: 12.04.2021). (In Russ.).

Seren-ool V. S. Sööskenner čečektelip turda [When meadowsweet bloomed]. Kïzïl, TïvNÜČ, 1995. 240 p. (In Tuv.).

Toka S. K. Arattïŋ sözü [Arat's word]. Kïzïl, TïvNÜČ, 1951. 154 p. (In Tuv.).

Toldova S. Yu., Serdobol’skaya N. V. Namereniya govoryashchego i referentsial’nye svoystva imennykh grupp [Speakers’ intentions and referential properties of noun groups]. In: Trudy mezhdunarodnogo seminara “Dialog 2002” po komp’yuternoy lingvistike (Protvino, 6–11 iyunya 2002 g.) [Proceedings of the International Workshop “Dialog 2002” on Computational Linguistics (Protvino, 6–11 June 2002)]. Moscow, Nauka, 2002, pp. 508–522. (In Russ.).

Toldova S. Yu. O kognitivnom podkhode k nekotorym problemam referentsii [About a cognitive approach to some problems of reference]. In: Trudy mezhdunarodnogo seminara “Dialog 2000” po komp’yuternoy lingvistike [Works of the International Seminar “Dialog 2000” on Computational Linguistics]. Moscow, 2000, pp. 282– 289. (In Russ.).

Tybykova A. T. Bezaffiksal’naya forma imeni sushchestvitel’nogo v roli pryamogo dopolneniya v altayskom yazyke [Non-affixal form of a noun as a direct object in the Altai language]. In: Morfologiya tyurkskikh yazykov Sibiri [Morphology of the Turkic languages of Siberia]. Novosibirsk, 1985. pp. 75–81. (In Russ.).

Tuvinskie narodnye skazki [Tuvan Folk Tales]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, Sibirskaya izdatel'skaya firma, 1994. 460 p. (In Russ., in Tuv.).

Ubryatova E. I. Issledovaniya po sintaksisu yakutskogo yazyka [Studies on syntax of the Yakut language]. SO RAN Izbrannye Trudy [SB RAS Selected works]. Novosibirsk, 2006, 618 p. (In Russ.).