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Institute of Philology of
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DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337 Roskomnadzor certificate number Эл № ФС 77-84783
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Yazyki i Fol’klor Korennykh Narodov Sibiri (Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia) | |
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ArticleName: Deciphering etymologically unknown names of musical instruments of Siberia and Russian Far East Authors: I. Shimomura Independent Researcher, Overseas Member of the Phonetic Society of Japan (Tokyo), Warsaw, Poland In the section Этномузыковедение
Abstract: This study presents etymological deciphering using ancient Japanese ways of reading ancient Chinese scripts of the names for the five types of stringed instruments, known as komuz, tatonpa, sugut, tambur, and tonkori. Based on the phonetic variants of the term komuz written in Roman and Russian alphabets and Chinese scripts, two hypothetical forms *qonbulrsukie and *qonbulrsir were reconstructed: qon ‘sheep’, bulr ‘tendon’, sukie ‘string’, sir ‘string’. As to the form tatonpa, the ancient form *siudonbule {siu ‘boar’ + don ‘gut’ + bule ‘tendon-fiber’} was revealed. The hypothetical form *siugudi {siu ‘boar’ + gudi ‘gut’} was reconstructed from the phonetic variants of the name sugut, written in Chinese scripts. The hypothetical form *donbule {don ‘gut’ + bule ‘tendon-fiber’} was reconstructed from the phonetic variants of the name tambur written in Chinese scripts. An Ainu word tonkori consists of Altaic root-forms don ‘gut’ and kur ‘string-instrument’, followed by an Ainu suffix {i} ‘that’. We have proved that, except for the Ainu suffix {i}, all the root forms linguistically belong to Altaic lan- guages. Not a few ethnographers dealt with the etymological analysis of instrument names encountered in Siberia and the Russian Far East, mainly taking into account the context of shamanism. It is known that shamans used the instruments as tools in healing rituals. However, contrary to our expectations, the reconstructed root forms of the names revealed practical aspects of daily life. Keywords: music terms, Turkic languages, loan words from Turkic languages, musical instruments of Altais, Shors, Khants, Selkups, Voguls and Ainus, kon, bulr, sukie, sir, siu, gudi, don, kur Bibliography: Alekseenko E. A. Muzykal’nye instrumenty narodov severa Zapadnoy Sibiri [Musical instruments of the peoples of the north of Western Siberia] In: Material’naya i dukhovnaya kul’tura narodov Sibiri: Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii [Material and spiritual culture of the peoples of Siberia: Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]. Leningrad, Nauka, 1988, vol. 42, pр. 5–23. (In Russ.). Basilov V. N. Shamanstvo u narodov Sredney Azii i Kazakhstana [Shamanism among the peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan]. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology named after N. N. Miklouho-Maclay. Moscow, Nauka, 1992, 328 р. (In Russ.). Matsuura Takeshiro. Kitaezo-yoshi [Field notes and pictures about the Northern Ezo]. 1860. URL: https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2535294 (accessed: 06.04.2021). (In Japan.). Murase Kotei. Geien Nissho [Daily survey of Sino-Japanese archives]. 1807. URL: https://kotenseki.nijl.ac.jp/biblio/100239660/viewer/172 (accessed: 06.04.2021). (In Japan.). Sarybaev B. Sh. Kazakhskie muzykal’nye instrumenty [Kazakh musical instruments]. Alma-Ata, Zhalyn, 1978, 174 р. (In Russ.).Schchurov V. Guttural Singing of the People of the Sayan-Altai, and Ural Mountains. In: The liner notes to the CD Uzlyau. 1992. (In Engl.). Shimomura Isao. Ainu hassei koukin shuzoku-no kenkyu [Study of Ainu’s speaking jew’s-harp rituals]. Kitami, North Academy, 2004, 186 р. (In Japan.). Sravnitel’nyy slovar’ tunguso-man’chzhurskikh yazykov: Materialy k etimologicheskomu slovaryu [Comparative dictionary of the Tungus-Manchu languages: Materials for the etymological dictionary]. V. I. Tsintsius (Ed.). Leningrad, Nauka, 1975, vol. 1, 672 р. (In Russ.). Sravnitel’nyy slovar’ tunguso-man’chzhurskikh yazykov: Materialy k etimologicheskomu slovaryu [Comparative dictionary of the Tungus-Manchu languages: Materials for the etymological dictionary]. V. I. Tsintsius (Ed.). Leningrad, Nauka, 1977, vol. 2, 992 р. (In Russ.). Vasil’ev V. E. Genezis shamanskikh instrumentov naroda sakha v svete obraza materi-zverya u tyurkov, mongolov i tungusov [Genesis of shamanic instruments of the Sakha people in the light of the image of the mother beast among the Turks, Mongols and Tungus]. Severo-Vostochnyy gumanitarnyy vestnik. 2016, no. 4, pр. 18–27. (In Russ.). Xue Zong Ming. Zhongguo yinyue shi [History of Chinese Music]. 2003, vol. 2. URL: books.google.co.jp/books?id=CBZ-cdKv36sC&pg=PP297&虎撥思#v=onepage&q=虎撥思&f=false (accessed 20.02.2021). (In Chinese). |
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