Article

Name: Semantics and Functions of Indicative Present Tense Forms in Siberian Turkic Languages (on Example of Altai and Yakut Languages)

Authors: A. R. Tazranova

In the section Грамматика

Abstract: In the following article, we perform a comparative analysis of present tense forms in Altai and Yakut (two related Turkic languages) and show their similarities and differences. In some instance, we also describe their etymology, meanings, and usage. The Yakut part of our study is based on the works of E. I. Korkina, a major researcher of the Yakut language. In most cases, we compare the Altai and Yakut forms with forms from other Turkic languages. We offer a detailed analysis of analytical, synthetic, and grammaticalized forms. We analyze the development of analytical constructions in Southern Siberian languages. Using present tense forms as examples, we show the process of shift from synthetism to analytism and from synthetism to analytism. We demonstrate that, unlike Altai and other Turkic languages of Southern Siberia, the Yakut language does not contain the same wide range of analytical present tense constructions, which are central for other listed languages; however, it does contain synthetic forms that evolved from former analytical forms.

Keywords: Siberian Turkic Languages, temporality, present tense, synthetism, analytism, Altai language, Yakut language

Bibliography:

Baskakov N.A. Altayskiy yazyk [Altai language]. In: Yazyki mira. Tyurkskie yazyki. Bishkek, 1996.

Baskakov N.A. Ocherk grammatiki oyrotskogo yazyka [Study of the Oirot Language]. In: N.A. Baskakov, T. M. Toshchakova. Oyrotsko-russkiy slovar' [Oyrot-Russian dictionery]. Moscow, 1947, 283 p.

Bӧtlungk O. Ueber die Sprache der Jakuten. Grammatik, Text und Wӧrterbuch. St. Peterburg, 1857.

Dyrenkova N.P. Grammatika oyrotskogo yazyka [Oirot grammar]. Moscow, 1940.

Grammatika altayskogo yazyka [Altai Grammar]. Kazan', 1869.

Grammatika sovremennogo altayskogo yazyka. Morfologiya. [Modern Altai Grammar. Morphology.] Gorno- Altaysk, 2017.

Korkina E.I. Nakloneniya glagola v yakutskom yazyke [Verb inclinations in the Yakut language]. Moscow, 1970. 307 p.

Rassadin V.I. Morfologiya tofalarskogo yazyka v sravnitel'nom osveshchenii [Comparative Tofalar Grammar]. Moscow, 1978.

Shirobokova N.N. Otnoshenie yakutskogo yazyka k tyurkskim yazykam Yuzhnoy Sibiri [Relations between Yakut and Other Turkic Languages of Southern Siberia]. Novosibirsk, 2005.

Tazranova A.R. Biverbal'nye konstruktsii vo vspomogatel'nymi glagolami bytiya v altayskom yazyke [Biverbal constructions in auxiliary existence verbs in Altai language]. Novosibirsk, 2005. 226 p.

Ubryatova E.I. Ocherki istorii izucheniya yakutskogo yazyka [Essays on the history of the study of the Yakut language]. Yakutsk, 1945.