Журнал «Языки и фольклор коренных народов Сибири» | Институт филологии СО РАН
Monuments of Folklore Siberian Journal of Philology Critique and Semiotics
Yazyki i fol’klor korennykh narodov Sibiri Syuzhetologiya i Syuzhetografiya
Institute of Philology of
the Siberian Branch of
Russian Academy of Sciences
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DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337
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Yazyki i Fol’klor Korennykh Narodov Sibiri (Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia)
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Article

Name: The System of Irrealis Moods in Grammatical Studies of the Altai Language

Authors: A. A. Ozonova

In the section Грамматика

Issue 36, 2018Pages 33-44
UDC code: 811.512.151DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2018-2-33-44

Abstract: In the following article, we analyze the irrealis moods described in well-known Altai grammars such as Altai Grammar (1869), Oirot Grammar (1940), Modern Altai Grammar. Morphology (2017). In all of these works, impera-tive, desiderative, and conditional moods are distinguished. However, there are differences in specific forms attributed to specific moods, as well as in their semantic definition. Among the irrealis moods, the imperative holds a special place due to its semantics, as well as the formal nonuni-formity of its personal-numerical paradigm. According to these grammars, there are some differences in personal-numerical markers of the imperative, which are often related to the shifts occurring in the Altai language. For example, according to the earliest grammar, the first person plural imperative form possesses 6 markers (-ык, -алык, -алы, -алдар, -аҥ, -аҥнар), 4 in the second grammar (-алы, -алык, ак, -алыктар, -аалдар, -актар), and 5 in the third one (-ак, -актар, -алы, -алык, -алыктар). In all these grammars, 2 forms of minimal inclusive are distinguished: -алы and -алык. The -алы, -алык, -алыктар first person plural imperative forms, which are said to be actively used in the first two grammars, are in fact rarely used in the modern Altai language, limited to written texts and official speech. The -алдар form has disappeared completely. The -ак and -актар forms, which are central for the modern Altai language, are described in Oirot Grammar (1940) as solely dialectal. In Altai Grammar (1869), the -зындар is listed as the third person plural imperative form, whereas the newer grammars list the -зын and -зындар forms; the first form is de-scribed as the most frequent one in Oirot Grammar (1940) and as the basic one in Modern Altai Grammar. Morphology (2017). In the two earlier grammars, the -айын form is listed as the first person singular imperative form; in the newest grammar, it is defined as a desiderative form and therefore no longer belongs to the imperative system.

Keywords: Altai language, grammar, mood, imperative, optative, conditional mood

Bibliography:

Aikhenvald A.Y. Imperatives and commands. N. Y.: OUP, 2010.

Biryulin L.A., Khrakovskiy V.S. Povelitel'nye predlozheniya: problemy teorii [Imperative sentences: problems of theory]. In: Khrakovskiy V.S. (Ed.) Tipologiya imperativnykh konstruktsiy [Typology of imperative constructions]. SPb, Nauka, 1992, p. 5–50.

Dyrenkova N.P. Grammatika oyrotskogo yazyka [Grammar of the Oyrot language]. S. E. Malov (Ed.). Moscow, Leningrad, AN SSSR, 1940, 303 p.

Grammatika altayskogo yazyka [Grammar of the Altai language]. Compiled by Altai Christian Mission members. Kazan, 1869, 285 p.

Grammatika sovremennogo altayskogo yazyka. Morfologiya [Grammar of the modern Altai language. Morphology]. I. A. Nevskaya (Ed.). Gorno-Altaysk, 2017, 575 p.

Gusev V.Ju. Tipologiya imperativa [Typology of impertive]. Moscow, Yazyki slav kul’tury, 2013. 336 p.

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Ozonova A.A. Forma glagola na =gay v altayskom jazyke [Verb form on -gay in Altai language]. Gumanitarnye nauki v Sibiri [Humanitarian Sciences in Siberia]. 2003, no. 4, pp. 84–87.

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