Article

Name: Verb forms with desiderative meanings in the chalkan language

Authors: N. N. Fedina

In the section Лексика

Abstract: Many Chalkan analytical constructions have contracted into single word forms as a result of synthetization. On the one hand, when such contractions occur, the system of morphological verb forms becomes more complex; on the other hand, the surface phonetic structures of verb forms become more simple. Very often, only root morphemes and person markers are preserved in verbs. This results in the fact that it is not always possible to detect the source of formation of specific contracted verb forms. One of such forms is the verb form with -yrat with desiderative meaning, which was formed as a contraction of an analytical construction. The form with -yrat has the modal semantic of volition and willingness to perform an action in the future. In our article, we analyze the forms with -yrajt / -ajt, -yrat / -at, -yrejt / -ejt, -yret / -et, which were formed as con-tractions of an analytical construction. These forms are currently on different stages of contraction; however, they can be freely used by the same native speakers. Different forms can be used to express the same meanings. Possible origins of this form are thought to be the following: 1) it was formed from the infinitive marker -yra (-yrga) // -yre (-yrge) and the auxiliary verb tur ‘to stand’ with fu-ture tense marker wirh -аr: tög=yre=t=ym (y)re+=t(ur)=ym); 2) it was formed from the infinitive verb form with -yra // -yre and the auxiliary verb t\at ‘to lie’: tög=yre=t=ym (tӧg=yre=(t\a)tym). To identify the origins of this form more accurately, we compared it to a similar form in Turkic languages closely related to Chalkan. In literary Altai, a form with =arga jat is found, which denotes the willingness to perform an action. Example: Men bararga jadim ‘I\m planning to go’. Therefore, we believe that in Chalkan, this form was created as a result of contraction of the main verb in the infinitive form with -yra // -yre and the auxiliary verb t\at ‘to lie’. Our theory is further confirmed by the fact that the variation with the auxiliary verb t\at ‘to lie’ is preserved in third person singular form. It is possible that since Chalkan is an unwritten language, changes occur rapidly and may be observed within a single generation.

Keywords: Chalkan language, verb forms, analytical contracted forms, synthethic forms, morpheme, form

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