Article

Name: Polysemy of Ket Localizers of the Series ak- ‘top’ and ikd- ‘bottom’

Authors: Nikolay V. Zhuravlev

Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the study of a group of spatial modifying words (localizers) in the Ket language, formed from the stems ak- and ikd- and characterized by a wide range of meanings of localization and orientation. The oppositions top – bottom, back side – front side, periphery – center, which underlie the spatial relations expressed by these localizers, are revealed. Their morphological and semantic connections with other vertical localizers are established. Particular attention is paid to the previously localizers ikd ‘below’, akil ‘from above’. A wide sphere of use of localizers of the ak- / ikd- series is described, going beyond the traditional ideas about the specifics of their use. The work is based on field materials obtained from a native speaker of the southern dialect of the Ket language, and expands ideas about the conceptualization of space in the Ket language.

Keywords: Ket language, localizers, conceptualization of space

Bibliography:

Alekseenko E. A. Kety. Istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki [The Kets: Historical-Ethnographic Essays]. Leningrad, Nauka, 1967, 262 p. (in Russ.)

Alekseenko E. A. Rechnoi komponent v kul'ture narodov Eniseiskogo basseyna [The river component in the culture of the peoples of the Yenisei basin]. In: Reki i narody Sibiri [Rivers and Peoples of Siberia]. Collection of Scientific Articles. St. Petersburg, Nauka, 2007, pp. 55–86. (in Russ.)

Alekseenko E. A., Grishina N. M. “Zemlya” i “zemnoe” v mifologicheskoi traditsii ketov [‘Earth’ and ‘earthly’ in Ket mythological tradition]. In: Shaman i vselennaya v kul'ture narodov mira [Shaman and the Universe in the Culture of the Peoples of the World]. Reports of the International Symposium. St. Petersburg, 1997, pp. 43–50. (in Russ.)

Butorin S S. Direktivnye glagol'nye satellity v ketskom yazyke i tipologiya modelei leksikalizatsii L. Talmi [Directional verb satellites in the Ket language and L. Talmy’s typologies of lexicalization patterns]. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2012, no. 1 (iss. 116), pp. 33–37. (in Russ.)

Butorin S. S. Ob osnovnykh sredstvakh kodirovaniya lokatsionnykh i direktivnykh semanticheskikh komponentov v ketskom yazyke [On the basic markers of coding locational and directional semantic components in the Ket language]. Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, 2016, no. 1 (iss. 30), pp. 84–96. (in Russ.)

Butorin S. S. Obshchaya kharakteristika neglagol'nykh lokativnykh predikatov v ketskom yazyke [General description of non-verbal locative predicates in the Ket language]. Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal [Siberian Journal of Philology], 2015, no. 2, pp. 142–152. (in Russ.)

Dolgikh B. O. Starinnye zemlyanki ketov na reke Podkamennaya Tunguska [Old Ket earthern dwellings on the Mountain Tunguska River]. Sovetskaya etnografiya [Soviet ethnography], 1952, no. 2, pp. 158–165. (in Russ.)

Dulzon A. P. Ketskii yazyk [The Ket language]. Tomsk, TSU Press, 1968, 636 p. (in Russ.)

Fortescue M. Orientation Systems of the North Pacific Rim. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2011, 138 p.

Georg S. A descriptive grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak), vol. 1: Introduction, phonology, morphology. Folkestone, Global Oriental Ltd, 2007, 328 p.

Grishina N. M. Narechiya mesta v ketskom yazyke [Adverbs of place in the Ket language]. In: Proiskhozhdenie aborigenov Sibiri i ikh yazykov [Origin of the Aborigenes of Siberia and their Languages]. Tomsk, TSU Press, 1973, pp. 45–47. (in Russ.)

Grishina N. M. Polifunktsional'nost' slov prostranstvennoi orientatsii v ketskom yazyke [Polyfunctionality of words denoting spatial orientation in Ket]. Yazyki i toponimiya [Languages and Toponyms], 1976, no. 3, pp. 36–38. (in Russ.)

Grishina N. M. Upotreblenie slova “bang” v slozhnom predlozhenii ketskogo yazyka [The use of word bang in the Ket complex sentence]. Yazyki i toponimiya [Languages and Toponyms], 1977, no. 4, pp. 102–107. (in Russ.)

Kotorova E. G. Kontsepty “prostranstvo” i “vremya” i nekotorye osobennosti ikh reprezentatsii v ketskom yazyke [The concepts of ‘space’ and ‘time’ and some features of their representation in the Ket language]. In: Sravnitel'no-istoricheskoe i tipologicheskoe izuchenie yazykov i kul'tur [Comparative Historical and Typological Study of Languages and Cultures]. Proceedings of the International Conference. Tomsk, 2002, pp. 183–191. (in Russ.)

Kotorova E. G. Vremya i prostranstvo: spetsifika kontseptual'nogo osmysleniya i yazykovoi reprezentatsii [Time and space: the specificity of conceptual understanding and linguistic representation]. In: Prostranstvo i vremya v yazykakh raznoi tipologii [Space and time in languages of different typology]. Collection of scientific papers of the Department of Languages of the Peoples of Siberia. Tomsk, 2008, vol. 5, pp. 23–30. (in Russ.)

Kreynovich E. A. Glagol ketskogo yazyka [The Ket Verb]. Leningrad, Nauka, 1968, 283 p. (in Russ.)

Kryukova E. A. Klass slov-opredelitelei v eniseyskikh yazykakh (sopostavitel’nyi analiz na materiale ketskogo, yugskogo i kottskogo yazykov) [The class of modifying words in the Yeniseian languages (comparative analysis on the material of Ket, Yug and Kott languages)]. Abstract of Philol. Cand. Diss. Tomsk, 2005. (in Russ.)

Kryukova E. A. Prostranstvenno-vremennye otnosheniya v eniseiskikh yazykakh (na materiale ketskogo, yugskogo i kottskogo yazykov) [Spatial-temporal relations in the Yenisei languages (based on the Ket, Yugh and Kott languages)]. Tomsk, TSPU Press, 2013, 113 p. (in Russ.)

Kryukova E. A. Sravnitel'nyi analiz sredstv vyrazheniya prostranstvennykh i vremennykh otnoshenii (na materiale ketskikh fol'klornykh i bytovykh tekstov XX i XXI vv.) [Comparative analysis of means of expressing spatial and temporal relations (based on Ket folklore and everyday texts of the 20th and 21st centuries)]. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2011, no. 9 (iss. 111), pp. 156–162. (in Russ.)

Kryukova E. A. Sredstva vyrazheniya prostranstvennykh i vremennykh otnoshenii v ketskom yazyke [Means of expressing spatial and temporal relations in the Ket language]. In: Prostranstvo i vremya v yazykakh raznoy tipologii [Space and time in languages of different typology]. Collection of scientific papers of the Department of Languages of the Peoples of Siberia. Tomsk, 2008, vol. 5, pp. 31–38. (in Russ.)

Kuzmina A. I. Funktsii mestnogo padezha v ketskom yazyke [The func-tions of the locative case in Ket]. In: Yazyki i fol'klor narodov sibirskogo Severa [Languages and Folklore of the Peoples of the Siberian North]. Moscow, Lenin-grad, Nauka, 1966, pp. 84–97. (in Russ.)

Levinson S. C. Frames of reference and Molyneux’s question: Crosslinguistic evidence. In: Bloom P., Peterson M. (eds.). Language and Space. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1996, pp. 109–169.

Pavlenko L. G. Nekotorye aspekty tipologii ketskikh glagolov dvizheniya [Some typological aspects of Ket verbs of motion]. In: Problemy tipologii i kontrastivnogo opisaniya yazykov [Problems of Typology and Contrastive Description of Languages]. Novosibirsk, 1984, pp. 29–36. (in Russ.)

Pavlenko L. G. Preverby napravleniya v ketskom yazyke [Directional preverbs in Ket]. In: Leksika i grammatika yazykov Sibiri [Vocabulary and gram-mar of the languages of Siberia]. Barnaul, BSPI Press, 1985, pp. 104–112. (in Russ.)

Pavlenko L. G. Tipologiya ketskikh glagolov dvizheniya [Typology of Ket verbs of motion]. Abstract of Philol. Cand. Diss. Moscow, 1986. (in Russ.)

Perekhvalskaya E. V. Etnolingvistika [Ethnolinguistics]. Textbook for the academic bachelor’s degree. Moscow, Juright Publ., 2016, 351 p. (in Russ.)

Pevnov A. M., Urmanchieva A. Yu. Neordinarnaya izopolisemiya v nekotorykh yazykakh Severnoi Azii [Unusual polysemy in certain languages of North Asia]. Finnisch-Ugrische Mitteilungen, 2010, Bd. 32/33, S. 519–556. (in Russ.)

Polenova G. T. Osobennosti vyrazheniya vremeni i mesta v ketskom yazyke s pomoshch'yu poslelogov [Peculiarities of expressing time and place in the Ket language with the help of postpositions]. Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, 2018, no. 3, pp. 50–55. (in Russ.)

Sherer V. E. Leksicheskie sredstva vyrazheniya prostranstvennykh otnoshenii v ketskom yazyke [Lexical means of expressing spatial relations in Ket]. In: III Gorodskaya nauchnaya konferentsiya molodykh uchenykh i spetsialistov (materialy konferentsii) [III City Scientific Conference of Young Scientists and Specialists (Conference Proceedings)]. Tomsk, TSPI Press, 1981, pp. 90–92. (in Russ.)

Sherer V. E. O vyrazhenii prostranstvennykh otnosheniy v ketskom yazyke [Expressing spatial relations in Ket]. Topics in the study of language, 1979, no. 5, pp. 103–109. (in Russ.)

Sherer V. E. Poslelozhnye konstruktsii v ketskom yazyke [Postpositional Constructions in Ket]. Abstract of Philol. Cand. Diss. Leningrad, 1983. (in Russ.)

Urmanchieva A. Yu. Izopolisemiya v sfere postranstvennykh narechii v yazykakh “ostyatskogo areala” (ketskom, sel'kupskom, khantyiskom) [Isopolysemy in the sphere of spatial adverbs in the languages of the “Ostyak area” (Ket, Selkup, Khanty)]. In: Prostranstvo i vremya v yazykakh raznoi tipologii [Space and time in languages of different typology]. Collection of scientific papers of the Department of Languages of the Peoples of Siberia. Tomsk, 2008, vol. 5, pp. 44–55. (in Russ.)

Vajda E. Siberian landscapes in Ket traditional culture. In: Jordan P. (ed.). Landscape & Culture in Northern Eurasia. Walnut Creek, Left Coast Press, 2011, pp. 297–314.

Vajda E. The Yeniseian language family. In: Vajda E. (ed.). The languages and linguistics of Northern Asia. Berlin, Boston, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024, vol. 1: Language Families, pp. 365–479.

Vall M. N. Osnovnye znacheniya i funktsii iskhodnogo padezha imeni v ketskom yazyke [The basic meanings and functions of the ablative case of the Ket noun]. Yazyki i toponimiya Sibiri [Languages and toponyms of Siberia], 1971, no. 4, pp. 19–26. (in Russ.)

Vall M. N. Osnovnye znacheniya i funktsii ketskogo datel'no-napravitel'nogo padezha [The main meanings and functions of the Ket dative-directive case]. Yazyki i toponimiya Sibiri [Languages and toponyms of Siberia], 1970, no. 3, pp. 39–45. (in Russ.)

Vall M. N. Vyrazhenie prostranstvennykh otnoshenii sredstvami padezhnykh form v imbatskom dialekte ketskogo yazyka [The expression of spatial relations through case forms in the Imbat dialect of Ket]. In: Sklonenie v paleoaziatskikh i samodiyskikh yazykakh (tezisy) [Declension in Paleoasiatic and Samoyedic languages (theses)], Leningrad, 1970, pp. 32–33. (in Russ.)