Article

Name: Reading Saussure Through

Authors: O. G. Revzina

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Abstract: Saussure in his «Course in General Linguistics» stated the notion of semiology, singled out properties of language sign, defined language as «thought, organized in sounding substance», divided linguistics of language and linguistics of speech, considered the connection of language and time. Saussure also stated that semiology «is a science studying life of signs in the framework of society life». His scholarly providence was proved in semiological projects of Hjelmslev and Eco, in brilliant investigations of separate semiological systems in French and Moscow-Tartu semiotic schools. Saussure admitted possible use of gestures and «visible images» as a signifying language sign, but he speculated that the choice of organs of speech «is imposed on us by nature». Refraction of Saussure ideas in scholarly practice of XX–XXI cent., i. e., semiotics flowering, stating sound nature of language sign in theories of language origin (M. Tomasello), postulate of indissolubility of brain and human physical organization in cognitive paradigm (G. Lakoff), realized project of linguistics of speech (B. M. Gasparov), treating synchronic heterogeneity of language in the aspect of language existence through time (E. Coseriu, V. M. Zhivov), notion of Time in M. Heidegger philosophy are treated in the article. M. Tomasello traced unique capacities of human voice skills, studying communication of primates. These capacities enable the development of conventional communication. Connection of language and thought became the leading question of cognitivism (N. Chomsky, G. Lakoff). Linguistics of speech, as opposed by Saussure to linguistics of language, found its modern embodiment in linguistics of language existence by B. M. Gasparov. Problem of «Language and Time», that was the object of really thorough investigation by Saussure, may get a new decision when addressing to philosophical notion of Time by M. Heidegger.

Keywords: language, semiology, semiotics, language sign, signifier, signified, thinking, speech, language changes, heterogeneity of language, time

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