Text 1
TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL CONGRESS

     The International Astronautical Congress is an annual meeting of the interplanatory societies of the world. The meeting during October 1-7, 1961 in Washington, was the first occasion that the meeting had been held on the American continent. Of the 750 people registered, some 300 came from countries outside the United States. The president of the Astronautical Congress this year was Academician L. I. Sedov, of the USSR.
     The opening ceremony was followed by a reception at the Boiling Air Base.
     The technical sessions started at 9 a. m. on October 3. Undoubtedly, the most noteworthy paper of the morning was by A. G. Clarke, under the title The Social Impact of Communication Satellites. This was presented during the Space Law Colloquium and attracted widespread attention.
     The Space Law Colloquium continued in the afternoon and there was a session on energy conversion and yet another simultaneous session on astrodynamics. This last subject was treated as a round-table topic where a number of contributors made both prepared and unprepared comments.
     On October 4 the round-table concept was continued with a discussion on the exploration of the solar system by radar and radio astronomy.
     On October 5 the now traditional conference boat-trip was made down the River Potomac. This informal occasion probably gives more opportunity for relaxed discussions between groups of experts than is possible in the more formal atmosphere of the conference hall. The congress reception was held in the evening and was addressed by Academician Sedov.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Read aloud the sentences below and translate them into Russian paying special attention to the parts in italics.

1. The International Astronautical Congress is an annual meeting. 2. The recent meeting was held in Washington. 3. Some 300 delegates came from countries outside the United States. 4. The president of the 12th Astronautical Congress was Academician Sedov. 5. The opening ceremony was followed by a reception. 6. The most noteworthy paper was presented by Clarke. 7. This paper attracted widespread attention. 8. There was a session on energy conversion and yet another simultaneous session on astrodynamics. 9. This last subject was treated as a round-table topic where a number of contributors made both prepared and unprepared comments. 10. The round-table concept was continued with a discussion on the exploration of the solar system by radar. 11. An informal occasion probably gives more opportunity for relaxed discussions between groups of experts than is possible in the more formal atmosphere of the conference hall.

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions.

1. How often are International Atronautical Congresses held? 2. When was the International Astronautical Congress held in America for the first time? 3. Who was the president of this congress? 4. What was the opening ceremony followed by? 5. Were there any simultaneous sessions held during this congress? 6. What paper attracted widespread attention during the first morning session? 7. When was the traditional boat-trip made? 8. What opportunities did it give to the delegates of the congress? 9. When was the reception held and who was it addressed by?

Ex. 3. Answer the following questions making use of the words in brackets and supplying a preposition if necessary.

     Model:
a)
1. When was the conference held? (May).
2. The conference was held in May.
b)
1. When did you meet Dr. Green (last year).
2. I met him last year.

1. When was the congress held? (October 1-7). 2. When did the sessions start? (9 o'clock). 3. When was Dr. Glarke’s paper presented? (the colloquium). 4. When was the Space Law Colloquium continued? (the afternoon). 5. When was the boat-trip made? (October 5). 6. When was the reception held? (the evening). 7. When do classes usually begin? (autumn). 8. When will the next lecture start? (3 o'clock). 9. When is he going to present his paper? (May). 10. When was this discussion held? (last week). 11. When do you usually have your English lesson? (the morning). 12. When did she make a trip to Armenia? (her holidays).

Ex. 4. Translate into English paying attention to the prepositions of time.

1. Конференция состоялась (was held) в прошлом году. 2. Экзамен состоится (is going to be held) в июне. 3. Банкет состоится 20 мая. 4. Дискуссия началась в 2 часа. 5. Коллоквиум продолжался (continued) во второй половине дня. 6. Я представлю свой доклад (present my paper) в будущем месяце. 7. Доклад будет прочитан во время коллоквиума. 8. Симпозиум проходил с 1 по 6 ноября. 9. Мы занимаемся английским языком по утрам.

Ex. 5. Say a few words about the program of the conference (symposium, colloquium, seminar) you recently attended, using such verbs as start, continue, hold, close and the corresponding time expressions.

Ex. 6. Make sure you understood the statements riglit by asking a question.

     Model:
a)
1. The delegates came from different countries of the world.
2. Pardon me, what did you say? Where did the delegates come from?
b)
1. The reception was addressed by Academician Sedov.
2. Sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said. Who was the reception addressed by?

1. The opening ceremony was followed by a reception 2. The most noteworthy paper was presented by Dr. Clarke. 3. They waited for the end of the discussion. 4. The delegates were listening to Academician Sedov. 5. The last morning session started with a general discussion.

Ex. 7. Insert prepositions or adverbs where necessary and read the statements aloud.

A

1. The 12th International Astronautical Congress was held . . . October 1-7, 1961 . . . Washington. 2. The president . . . the congress . . . that year was L. I. Sedov. 3. The opening ceremony was followed . . . a reception.4. The technical sessions started . . . 9 o'clock . . . October 3. 5. The most noteworthy paper . . . the first morning was presented . . . A. C. Clarke. 6. This paper was presented . . . the Space Law Colloquium. 7. The colloquium began . . . the morning and continued . . . the afternoon. 8. Astrodynamics was treated . . . a round-table concept. 9. The exploration . . . the solar system . . . radar was discussed . . . October 4. 10. The traditional boat-trip made . . . Sunday gave good opportunities . . . relaxed discussions . . . groups . . . experts. 11. The congress banquet held . . . the evening was addressed . . . Academician Sedov.

B

12. The recent meeting . . . the Geographical Learned Society was held . . . last month. 13. It gave good opportunities . . . discussions . . . scientists . . . different parts . . . our country. 14. The exploration . . . the Far East was discussed . . . a special colloquium held . . . the second day. 15. A very interesting paper was presented . . . this colloquium . . . a young researcher . . . the Siberian research centre. 16. The colloquium was followed . . . a lively discussion. 17. The final session was addressed . . . the President of the Geographical Society. 18. She worked . . . a teacher . . . 1956-1965. 19. I shall be very busy . . . this morning, so let us meet . . . the afternoon.

Ex. 8. Insert words and expressions from the text so as to form antonymic pairs with those in italics. Answer these questions.

     Model:
1. Did you discuss the same problem or a . . . one?
2. We discussed a different problem.

1. Will the discussion precede the lecture or . . . it?
2. Did the contributors make prepared or . . . comments?
3. Was the round-table discussion a formal or an . . . one?
4. Was the reception held on the first or on the . . . day?

Ex. 9. Answer the following questions using words and expressions from the text instead of those in italics.

     Model:
1. When will the meeting of the learned society take place?
2. As far as I know, this meeting will be held next Monday.

1. Is the International Astronautical Congress a yearly meeting? 2. When did the sessions begin? 3. What was the theme of the most remarkable paper of the first morning? 4. Did Dr. Clarke's paper attract general attention? 5. Who spoke at the reception which took place on the last day? 6.When will you submit your paper? 7. How long do your laboratory seminars last?

Ex. 10. React to the wrong statements below. Use such introductory phrases as: you are not right; I'm. afraid you are mistaken; you seem to be quite wrong; I can't agree. with you, etc.

     Model: 1. As far as I know, Astronautical Congresses are national scientific gatherings held in the USA every three years.

                   2. I'm afraid you are wrong. Astronautical Congresses are annual meetings held in different countries. They are international gatherings for the delegates come from different countries of the world. It was only the 12th Astronautical Congress that took place in the USA, while all the previous ones were held elsewhere.

1. I believe the president of the 12th Astronautical Congress was an American. 2. If I am not mistaken, the opening ceremony was followed by a banquet addressed by the French delegate. 3. The paper presented by A. C. Clarke was not very interesting, was it? 4. If I am not mistaken, the congress closed on October 3. 5. I believe all the delegates left as soon as the technical sessions were over for there weren't any entertainments provided for them. 6. As far as I could gather from the text, there weren't any simultaneous sessions held during this congress, so that all the delegates could attend every session. 7. To my mind, the atmosphere of the conference hall gives very good opportunities for relaxed discussions between groups of experts.

Ex. 11. Use the following verb+noun combinations given in italics in translating the sentences below.

give a lecture (a reception, a talk, a translation)

1. Д-р П. прочел две лекции по генетике (on genetics)
2. Мне понравились лекции, прочитанные д-ром П.
3. Председательствующий устроил прием для делегатов конгресса. 4 Прием был дан в гостинице Москва (the hotel Moskva). 5. Профессор Н. выступил на открытии конгресса (in the opening session). 6. Речь, произнесенная профессором Н., привлекла всеобщее внимание. 7. Дайте перевод пятого предложения (sentence). 8. Вы дали очень хороший перевод этой статьи. 9. Сделанный им перевод не совсем точен (not quite exact).

hold a conference (a meeting, a discussion, an examination, a reception)

10. Конференция была проведена в июне. 11. Когда состоится собрание? 12. Дискуссия, проведенная на утреннем заседании (in (at) the morning session) привлекла всеобщее внимание. 13. Экзамен будет проведен 5 января. 14. Председательствующий выступил на банкете, устроенном в Доме ученых (the Scientists' Club).

make a comment (a contribution, a discovery, an experiment)

15. Это открытие было сделано в 1933 году. 16. Сделанное им открытие привлекло всеобщее внимание. 17. Морган внес большой вклад в генетику (into genetics). 18. Я не собираюсь (I am not going to) выступать с какими-либо замечаниями. 19. Сделанные профессором Д. замечания очень полезны (useful). 20. Сколько опытов вы проделали на прошлой неделе? 21. Проделанные нами опыты будут обсуждаться на семинаре, который состоится в понедельник (Monday).

Ex. 12. Translate into English.

A

1. Международные конгрессы по астронавтике являются ежегодными научными собраниями 2. Конгресс 1961 года был проведен в Вашингтоне. 3. Это был первый случай, когда такое собрание было проведено в Америке. 4. Председателем этого конгресса был академик Седов из СССР. 5. После открытия конгресса состоялся прием. 6. Секционные (here: technical) заседания начались в 9 часов утра 3 сентября. 7. Доклад Кларка, сделанный во время коллоквиума, привлек к себе широкое внимание. 8. Во второй половине дня было проведено несколько параллельных заседаний. 9. 4 октября была проведена дискуссия об исследовании солнечной системы с помощью радара и радиоастрономии. 10. 5 октября делегаты совершили поездку на пароходе по реке Потомак. 11. На банкете, который состоялся вечером, с речью выступил академик Седов.

B

12. Симпозиум по исследованию Луны и планет (the Moon and the planets) был проведен в октябре. 13. Этот симпозиум привлек к себе широкое внимание. 14. Во время симпозиума состоялось специальное заседание, посвященное исследованию Луны с помощью ракет (rockets). 15. Заседание началось в 10 часов утра и продолжалось во второй половине дня. 16 Профессор П. представил доклад под названием Важность исследования Луны для будущего человечества (the future of mankind). 17. После доклада состоялась дискуссия.18. Я должен представить диссертацию (thesis) в июне.19. Тема моей диссертации . . . . 20 Название моей диссертации . . . .

Ex. 13. Answer the following questions in detail so that these answers would make up a comprehensive account of your participation in the work of some scientific gathering.

1. Have you ever had an opportunity to be present at a large scientific meeting? 2. Was it a national or an international congress (conference, symposium)? 3. When and where was it held? 4. Who was its president? 5. What was the most noteworthy paper presented at this scientific meeting? 6. How long did this congress (conference, symposium) last? 7. How many simultaneous sessions were usually held on the same day? 8. Was there any banquet held after the final session? 9. Who spoke on that occasion? 10. Did you or any of your colleagues present papers at this congress (conference, symposium)? 11. Was your paper a success? 12. Was it discussed in detail? 13. Were there any discussions of general interest held during this congress (conference, etc.)? 14. What is your general impression of this congress (conference, etc.)?

Text 2
CHEMICAL WARFARE ON PLANT PESTS AND DISEASES

     The First British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference was held at Brighton during November 7-9, 1961 under the presidency of Dr. H. G. Sanders, chief scientific adviser to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. It was truly an international gathering, for of 470 delegates attending from official research stations. Government departments and manufacturing firms, nearly one-quarter came from fourteen countries overseas.
     The conference consisted of ten successive sessions devoted to important present-day problems in plant pathology and their possible solutions by chemical means. During the first two days each session began with one or more introductory paper by authorities on the subject under discussion, and these were followed by brief reports of research in progress at various centres. The morning of the third day was given over to research reports on new insecticides and fungicides, and on novel formulations as well as new methods of applications. In the final session attention was directed to the problems involved in translating research into practice and in introducing insecticides and fungicides into agricultural practice both in Britain and overseas. In all, more than fifty papers or reports were presented from the research departments of official agricultural institutes and industrial firms, including a number from Holland, Germany and Italy.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Give an adequate translation of the sentences below paying special attention to the parts in italics.

1. The First British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference was held at Brighton under the presidency of Dr. Sanders, chief scientific adviser to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 2. It was truly an international gathering, for of 470 delegates nearly one-quarter came from fourteen countries overseas. 3. The conference consisted of ten successive sessions devoted to important present-day problems in plant pathology and their possible solution by chemical means. 4. Each session began with an introductory paper by an authority on the subject under discussion. 5. These were followed by brief reports of research in progress at various centres. 6. The morning of the third day was given over to research reports on new insecticides and on novel formulations. 7. In the final session attention was directed to the problems involved in translating research into practice and in introducing insecticides into agricultural practice. 8. In all, more than fifty papers or reports were presented from the research departments of official agricultural institutes and industrial firms, including a number from Holland, Germany and Italy.

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions.

1. When, where and under whose presidency was the first British Insecticide and Fungicide conference held? 2. Why can it be considered an international gathering? 3. How many sessions did the conference consist of? 4. Were there any simultaneous sessions held during this conference? 5.What problems were the sessions devoted to? 6. Describe the order of each session during the first two days. 7. What was the order of the third morning session? 8. To what problems was attention directed in the final session? 9. How many papers and reports were presented in all? 10. Did all of them come from Great Britain?

Ex. 3. Answer the following questions. Note that we say: an authority (conference, discussion, lecture, boots, paper) on some subject.

     Model:
a)
1. Does he know literature well?
2. Yes, he is an outstanding authority on Russian literature.

b)
1. The subject of the lecture was photosynthesis, wasn't it?
2. No, it wasn't. The lecture was on photo-respiration.

1. What was the theme of the conference? 2. The third morning session was devoted to plant growth, wasn't it? 3. What was the topic of the final discussion? 4. Is this book concerned with proteins? 5. Does chapter 3 treat amino acids? 6. What are your laboratory seminars devoted to? 7. What will your next paper deal with?

Ex. 4. Make sure you understood the statement right by asking a question. .Note that we say: a specialist (examination, course of lectures, lesson, classes) in a subject: specialize in some subject.

     Model:
1. I missed my French lesson yesterday.
2. Did I get you right? You missed your lesson in French, didn't you?

1. John's speciality is genetics. 2. Ann has just passed her English examination. 3. I am going to take a course of lectures devoted to mathematics. 4. Last year I attended history classes.

Ex. 5. Insert prepositions in or on and read aloud the statements.

1. Professor Ivanov specializes . . . French literature. 2. He is an outstanding authority . . . Voltaire. 3. Last year I attended a course of lectures . . . history. 4. The lecture . . . Napoleon attracted widespread attention. 5. He has got an interesting book . . . computers. 6. The session . . . radio astronomy was held in the great conference hall. 7. We are going to take our examination . . . mathematics next month. 8. She has presented a paper . . . superfluidity.

Ex. 6. Translate into English using prepositions in or on.

1. Я посещаю курс лекций по истории. 2. Вы были на лекции о Байроне (Byron)? 3. Он сдал (passed) экзамен по физике два дня тому назад. 4. Профессор Смит является крупным специалистом (leading authority) no химии полимеров (polymer chemistry). 5. Урок химии начнется в 3 часа. 6. Они представили доклад об исследовании Луны (the explorations of the Moon). 7. Заседание, посвященное проблемам радиосвязи (problems of radiocommunication) началось в 9 часов утра. 10. Он написал книгу о малых планетах (minor planets).

Еx. 7. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. The subject under discussion is of considerable interest. 2. He made a report on research in progress at his laboratory. 3. The book in question was published two years ago. 4. The problem under investigation is of great Importance. 5. Special attention must be directed to the main subject under study. 6. The paper under discussion was presented from the Research Department of our Institute. 7. The theory in question was first advanced by Professor Bradford.

Ex. 8. Answer the following questions. Substitute attributive clauses by such attributes as: under discussion (consideration, study, investigation); in question; in progress.

     Mоdel:
a)
1. Was the book you are referring to published last year?
2. No, the book in question was published a year ago.
b)
1. Who is an authority on the subject which is being discussed?
2. As far as I can judge, Dr. Brown is the greatest authority on the subject under discussion.

1. Did the problems which were being discussed attract general attention? 2. Were there any reports of the work which was being done at various research centres? 3. Are the methods which were being considered applied nowadays? 4. What are the most important problems which are being investigated at your laboratory? 5. Where can I get the book you have mentioned?

Ex. 9. Translate into English using the expressions: under / discussion {consideration, investigation, study}; in • progress; in question.
1. Рассматриваемая проблема имеет большое значение для ядерной физики (nuclear physics). 2. Расскажите нам об исследованиях, проводимых в вашей лаборатории. 3. Доктор Пирс - один из крупнейших специалистов по обсуждаемому вопросу. 4. Доклад, о котором идет речь, был представлен научно-исследовательским отделом нашего института. 5. Данная книга была опубликована в прошлом году. 6. Я хочу знать об исследовательской работе, которая ведется в этом научном центре. 7. Изучаемый вопрос представляет большой интерес для физиков.

Ex. 10. Say a few words about the problems under study at your laboratory, questions under discussion at your laboratory seminars and research in progress at your institute.

Ex. 11. Insert prepositions where necessary and read these statements aloud.

A

1. The conference was held . . . Brighton . . . November 7-9,1961 . . . the presidency . . . Dr. Sanders, chief scientific adviser . . . the Ministry . . . Agriculture. 2.Nearly one-quarter . . . the delegates attending . . . the conference came . . . abroad. 3. The conference consisted . . . ten sessions devoted . . . present-day problems . . . plant biology 'and their solution . . . chemical means. 4. . . . the first two days each session began . . . an introductory paper . . . an authority . . . the subject . . discussion. 5. These introductory papers were followed . . . reports devoted . . . research . . . progress . . . various centres. 6. . . . the final session attention was directed . . . the problems involved . . . translating research . . . practice. 7. Insecticides are being introduced . . . agricultural practice both . . . Britain and adroad.

В

8. It is very important to introduce these new chemicals . . . everyday practice. 9. Are you sure problems involved . . . translating research . . . practice can be solved . . . these means? 10. Their reports were devoted . . . research . . . progress . . . various research centres. 11. The opening session began . . . a discussion . . . reports presented . . . outstanding authorities . . . this subject. 12. The discussion began . . . introductory remarks . . . the president . . . the congress. 13. All our attention must be directed . . . the problem . . . consideration. 14. The book . . . discussion consists . . . ten chapters devoted . . important present-day problems . . . nuclear research. 15. Last year I attended . . . a symposium. . . nuclear research held . . . the presidency . . . Academician K.

Ex. 12. Confirm the statements below. Substitute words and expressions from the text for those in italics.

     Model 1:
1. I believe that this conference was an inter╛national meeting.
2. Yes, you are quite right. This conference was truly an international gathering for nearly one-quarter of the delegates came from abroad.

1. In my opinion, the sessions were concerned with important present-day problems. 2. I believe that every session started with an introductory paper by an authority on the subject which was being discussed. 3. As far as I know, those introductory papers were followed by short reports of research which was being conducted at various centres. 4. If I am not mistaken, over 50 papers and reports were submitted. 5. I was informed that the recent symposium on polymer chemistry contained 5 sessions following one another. 6. To my knowledge, almost 100 people were present at this meeting.

Ex. 13. Insert words and expressions from the text so as to form antonymic pairs with those in italics. Answer these questions.

     Model:
1. Was it a national or an . . . conference.
2. It was an international conference for many delegates came from abroad.

1. Did the conference consist of simultaneous or . . . sessions? 2. Were most of the papers concerned with the theory or the . . . of agriculture? 3. Was the research under discussion conducted by private or by . . . centres? 4. Was the opening or the . . . session devoted to practical problems? 5. Were most of the reports detailed or . . . ?

Ex. 14. React to the wrong statements below using some of the following introductory phrases: you are not (quite) right you are mistaken; you. seem to be wrong; I can't agree with you.

     Model:
1. The First British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference was held under the presidency of Dr. Brown, head of the Agricultural Research Station at Brighton, wasn't it?
2. I'm afraid you are mistaken. This conference was held under the presidency of Dr. Sanders who was at the time chief scientific adviser to the British Ministry of Agriculture.

1. If I am not mistaken, the First British Insecticide Conference was a purely national scientific gathering. 2. I believe that both simultaneous and succesive sessions were devoted to the problem of plant growth. 3. As far as I could gather from the text, each session began with a general discussion. 4. To my mind, in the final session attention was directed to problems of theoretical interest. 5. As far as I know, all the papers read at this conference were presented from private firms.

Ex. 15. Translate into English.

A

1. Первая Британская конференция по инсектицидам состоялась в Брайтоне в 1961 году. 2. Конференция была проведена под председательством доктора Сандерса. 3. Конференция состояла из 10 последовательных заседаний. 4. Заседания были посвящены важный современным проблемам патологии растений и решению их химическим путем. 5. В течение первых двух дней каждое заседание начиналось с вводного доклада специалиста по данному вопросу. 6. За вводным докладом следовали краткие сообщения об исследованиях, которые ведутся в различных научно-исследовательских центрах. 7. На последнем заседании особое внимание было обращено на вопросы, связанные с внедрением в практику результатов научных исследований. 8. Всего научно-исследовательскими отделами государственных институтов и промышленных фирм было представлено более 50 докладов.

В

9. Моя диссертация посвящена важным современным проблемам теоретической физики. 10. Она состоит из трех глав (chapters). 11. Первая глава является вводной. 12. В этой главе я обсуждаю теории, выдвинутые (advanced) ведущими специалистами по данному вопросу.13. Во второй главе описываются результаты исследования, которое я провел в прошлом году. 14. В это? главе я упоминаю (mention) также и исследования, которые проводятся в других институтах. 15. Последняя глава посвящена вопросам, связанным с практическим применением результатов моего исследования. 16. Профессор Н. является крупнейшим специалистом по болезням растений (plant pathology). 17. В прошлом году я присутствовал на международном симпозиуме по физике. 18. Он был проведен под председательством академика Н. 19. Научные собрания такого рода очень важны. 20. Они обычно проводятся в крупных научно-исследовательских центрах при колледжах.

Ex. 16. Say a few words about a laboratory seminar you have recently attended. Mention the order of the day, the main topics discussed, the possible practical application of the results obtained, etc.

Text 3
FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF BIOCHEMISTRY

     The Fifth International was held during August 10-dency of Academician A. I. Congress of Biochemistry -16, 1961 under the presidency of Academician A. I. Oparin. The number of registered participants, about 4500 together with an additional 1000 or so guests of the Organizing Committee, was larger than at any previous congress, and it seems that each congress, from the first, which was held in Cambridge in 1949, to the present one in Moscow, attracts more and more workers who are interested in one or many aspects of the broad subject of biochemistry.
     The congress held its opening ceremony in the impressive Palace of Sports and the session closed with a masterly lecture by Professor G. E. Green. The plenary session was followed by a most enjoyable concert given by the Moscow Symphony Orchestra.
     The scientific programme which followed included a series of symposia, and between two and three thousand original contributions. The main congress symposia were held in the large assembly hall of the University or in auditoria of ample seating capacity and were well attended. The main speakers in these sessions were allowed up to 40 minutes to develop their subject and the subsequent speakers 15 minutes, a half to three-quarters of an hour being set aside at the end of the session for discussion. The time proved to be adequate and the discussions were usually lively. The arrangements for simultaneous translations in these meetings were excellent. Pre-prints of the main congress lectures and of the contributions to the symposia were available to participants before the meeting.
     Probably the largest part of the scientific programme was associated with the activities of the 28 sections. Each section had its own interpreter, and language difficulties were thereby reduced to a minimum. Abstracts of the short communications were available in the form of a separate book and where the text was submitted in Russian, an English translation was also provided.
     There was a useful display of scientific apparatus originating from 14 countries, and an attractive exhibition of modern books dealing with all aspects of biochemistry and published in many different countries.
Most of those attending the congress were accomodated in the student quarters of the University or in two of the largest hotels in Moscow, hotel Ukraine and hotel Moskva. Transport between the University and hotels was well maintained throughout by excellent bus service. Academician Oparin gave a series of receptions to the participants of the congress. There was a series of interesting tours arranged by Intourist.
     The Fifth International Congress of Biochemistry was the largest congress yet held in the USSR. The closing plenary session was especially noteworthy for the outstanding and informative lecture on Proteins, their Function and Structure given by Professor F. Sorm. This was followed by a number of short addresses of appreciation by delegates from several countries, after which the president closed the proceedings and formally announced that the next congress would be held in New York in July 1964.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Read aloud the sentences below and translate them into Russian paying special attention to the parts in italics.

1. The number of registered participants was about 4500. 2. The lecture by Professor F. Sorm was followed by a number of short addresses of appreciation by delegates from different countries. 3. The opening plenary session was followed by a most enjoyable concert. 4. The scientific programme which followed included a series of symposia and between two and three thousand original contributions. 5. Each congress of this kind attracts more and more workers who are interested in one or many aspects of the broad subject of biochemistry. 6. The congress held its opening ceremony in the impressive Palace of Sports. 7. The main speakers were allowed up to 40 minutes to develop their subject and the subsequent speakers 15 minutes. 8. The time proved to be adequate and the discussions were lively. 9. The arrangements for simultaneous translations were excellent. 10. Preprints of the main congress lectures were available to the participants before the meetings. 11. Abstracts of communications were available in the form of a separate book. 12. There was an attractive exhibition of modern books dealing with all aspects of biochemistry. 13. Most of those attending the congress were accomodated in the student quarters of the University. 14. The president closed the proceedings and formally announced that the next congress would be held in 1964. 15. It was the largest congress yet held in the USSR.

Ex. 2. Read aloud the sentences below and translate them into Russian paying special attention to different uses of the adjective most.

1. A most attractive exhibition was organized at the Public Library. 2. It was the most attractive exhibition of the kind that had ever been arranged at the Public Library. 3. This exhibition of books was most attractive. 4. Most scientific conferences attract scientists from all over the world. 5. The most important communication at the congress was given by Dr. L. 6. It was a most interesting communication. 7. To my mind, this communication was most interesting.

Ex. 3. Confirm the statements below. Use most instead of the words in italics.

Model:
1. To my mind this is a very interesting problem.
2. You are quite right. This is a most interesting problem.

1. As far as I know, the majority of the participants were accommodated in hotel Moskva. 2. In my opinion the discussions were exceedingly lively. 3. To my knowledge the greatest part of the material has been verified experimentally. 4. There is no doubt that the problems under discussion at this congress proved very important.

Ex. 4. Translate into English using the word most. Mind the articles.

1. Эта статья весьма интересна. 2. Это очень интересная статья. 3. Это самая интересная статья первого номера (issue) журнала. 4. Большая часть статей написана известными учеными. 5. Большинство людей так думает (think so).

Ex. 5. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the meaning of the word number.

1. I don't know the number of English books available at this library. 2. There was a large number of English books available at this library. 3. There is a number of books on biochemistry available at this library. 4. Would you mind going to room number six. 5. What is the number of his car? 6. 3, 5, 7, etc. are odd numbers. 7. Show me the current number of this magazine.

Ex. 6. Confirm the statements below. Use the word number instead of those in italics.

     Model:
1. I'm sure that this conference was attended by very many delegates.
2. You're absolutely right. It was attended by a very great number of delegates.

1. As far as I know, several delegates came long before the sessions began. 2. There is no doubt that the amount of books on genetics will grow from year to year. 3. If 'I'm not mistaken, this article was published in the latest issue of the journal Cytology. 4. I'm quite certain that the seminar will be held in room 6. 5. To my mind there are very many unsolved problems in plant ecology.

Ex. 7. Translate into English using the word number.

1. Он написал ряд статей по кибернетике (cybernetics). 2. У меня есть несколько книг современных английских писателей. 3. Автор ограничил (limited) число примеров (examples). 4. Автор дает ряд интересных примеров. 5. Она живет в комнате номер 9. 6. Вы читали последний номер журнала Генетика? 7. Два, четыре, шесть, восемь - четные (even) числа.

Ex. 8. Insert articles where necessary and read the text aloud.

. . . conference I attended . . . month ago was organized by . . . Academy of . . . Sciences of . . . USSR. . . . number of registered participants was larger than at . . . previous conference of this kind which was held . . . last year. . . . conference attracted . . . large number of . . . outstanding scientists. . . . number of people came from abroad. . . . opening ceremony was held in . . . assembly hall of . . . Moscow University. At . . . end of each session . . . hour was set aside for discussion. . . . most significant communication at . . . conference was given by . . . Professor L. There was . . . most interesting exhibition of . . . books arranged in . . . room number 3 of . . . main building of . . . University. . . . series of . . . interesting tours followed . . . scientific programme. . . . most of . . . participants were accommodated in . . . students’ quarters of . . . Moscow University. Abstracts of . . . most important contributions were published in . . . current issue of . . . journal Cytology.

Ex. 9. Answer the following questions. Use the expression be interested (in something)

Model:
1. Does biology interest you?
2. Yes, I am greatly interested in biology. Or: No, I am not interested in biology. I am interested in mathematics.

1. Do you take any interest in cybernetics? 2. What problems interest you particularly? 3. Do these experiments interest you? 4. Are the problems of plant growth of any special interest for you? 5. Do you take any interest in modern art?

Ex. 10. Translate into English making use of the expression be interested (Hi).

1. Он не интересуется естественными науками (natural sciences). 2. Он очень интересуется этой проблемой. 3. Какими аспектами биохимии вы интересуетесь? 4. Этот случай (case) интересует всех нас. 5. Нас интересуют ваши планы на будущее.

Еx. 11. Say a few words about your (your friend's, your brother's, sister's) interests. Ask your fellow-student about his(her) interests.

Model:
1. I think biochemistry is very interesting. I am interested in biochemistry. And what about you?
2. I am not particularly interested in biochemistry. I am interested in bionics.

Ex. 12. Translate into Russian pacing special attention to the expression deal (with).

1. It is very unpleasant to deal with such people. 2. This man is difficult, to deal with. 3. This book deals with semiconductors. 4. What problems does he deal with in his book? 5. What problems are dealt with in his book? 6. What is the best way to deal with this difficulty? 7. Entomology deals with all kinds of insects.

Ex. 13. Confirm the statements using the verb deal with Instead of the words in italics.

Model:
1. I think his paper is on nucleotides.
2. You are quite right. His paper really deals with nucleotides.

1. I believe that this book is about proteins. 2. Arithmetics has to do with numbers and how to work with them. 3. As far as I know, the first session was concerned with subcellular particles. 4. To my knowledge the paper in question considers some problems of nuclear physics. 5. I am afraid it is not very pleasant to have to do with such people.

Ex. 14. Translate into English using the expression deal (with).

1. Эта статья касается очень важной проблемы. 2. Астрономия изучает небесные тела (celestial bodies). 3. Он умеет (knows how to) обращаться с животными (animals). 4. Какими вопросами вы занимаетесь в настоящее время? 5. Вечернее заседание было посвящено спутникам связи (communication satellites). 6. Я не люблю иметь дело с такими людьми.

Ex. 15. A. Mention 3 or 4 books (papers) you have recently read and say what problems each of them deals with.

     Model: I am interested in . . . . Recently I've read a most interesting paper on . . . .It deals with important problems of . . . .

В. Discuss in the same way a lecture you have recently attended.

     Model: I have recently attended an interesting lecture on . . . .
It dealt with . . . . The main subject under discussion was . . . .

Ex. 16. Put questions to the words in italics. Note the place of the preposition in the interrogative sentence.

     Model:
1. The lecture by Professor Sorm dealt with proteins.
2. What did the lecture by Professor Sorm deal with?

1. The session closed with a masterly lecture by Prof. Green. 2. The opening plenary session was followed by a most enjoyable concert. 3. The largest part of the scientific programme was associated with the activities of 28 sections. 4. The book deals with many aspects of biochemistry. 5. They are interested in bionics. 6. The closing plenary session was especially noteworthy for the lecture on proteins. 7. She specializes in cybernetics.

Ex. 17. Answer the following questions using the words given in brackets.

     Model:
1. What subject does she specialize in?(polymer chemistry).
2. She specializes in polymer chemistry.

1. Who was the conference attended by ? (specialists in biochemistry; leading authority on the biochemistry of the cell; all those interested in nuclear research). 2. What was the opening plenary session followed by? (a reception; a concert). 3. What did the congress close with? (o lecture by Professor N.; an address by the president of the congress; a reception given to all its participants). 4. What was the symposium you have recently attended especially noteworthy for? (the contribution presented by Dr. L.; the masterly lecture given by Professor F.; the general spirit of friendly co-operation in scientific research). 5. What does the book under discussion deal with? (nuclear research; solid state physics; semiconductors). 6. What fields of chemistry are you especially interested in? (inorganic compounds; polymer chemistry; the chemistry of rare-earth elements).

Ex. 18. Insert prepositions where necessary and read the sentences aloud.

A

1. The number . . . those attending . . . the Fifth Biochemical Congress was about 5500. 2. The opening ceremony closed . . . a lecture followed . . . a concert given . . . the Moscow Symphony Orchestra. 3. The lecture . . . the structure . . . subcellular particles was given . . . Professor Green. It attracted . . . the attention . . . all those interested . . . different aspects . . . biochemistry. 4. . . . the end . . . each session an hour was set aside . . . discussion. 5. Language difficulties were reduced . . . a minimum as the arrangements . . . simultaneous translations were excellent. The majority . . . foreign participants could hear speeches and lectures . . . their native languages or . . . the language they knew better. 6. A number . . . interesting tours was organized . . . Intourist. 7. There was arranged an exhibition . . . books dealing . . . different aspects . . . biochemistry. 8. The congress closed . . . a series . . -receptions given . . . the participants . . . Academician A. I. Oparin.

В

9. I attended . . . a very interesting conference held . . . the presidency . . . an outstanding scientist. 10. Are you interested . . . the problem we are discussing? 11. This book deals . . . many aspects . . . the broad subject . . . spectroscopy. 12. The first chapter . . . my thesis closes . . . a short summary . . . the work done . . . this field. 13. The summary will be given both . . . Russian and . . . English. 14. Can you speak . . . English fluently or are you only able to read special literature . . . this language?

Ex. 19. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the expression be available.

1. Is this article available in Russian? 2. The book I am interested in is not available at our library. 3. Tickets for the concert were available to all the participants of the congress. 4. These papers will soon be available in the form of a separate book.

Ex. 20. Answer the following questions using the words given in brackets.
     Model:
1. Where is this book available? the Public Library.
2. This book is available at the Public Library.

1. When and where were the pre-prints available? (the-library; the reading-hall; the opening session; the colloquium). 2. Who were they available to? (the participants of the congress; those interested in this particular field of research; all those dealing with different aspects of biochemistry). 3. In what language were they available? (Russian; English; all major European languages; many different languages of the world).

Ex. 21. Translate into English using the expression be available.

1. Эта статья есть на русском языке. 2. Оттиски имеются в форме отдельной книги. 3. Краткие резюме были у всех участников конгресса. 4. Где имеются эти данные? 5. Книги, которой вы интересуетесь, в пашей библиотеке нет.
Ex. 22. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the meaning of the verb pro re.

1. The symposium I attended last month proved very useful. 2. The book she was interested in proved to be available at the Public Library. 3. The time set aside for the discussions proved quite adequate. 4. My colleagues proved to be familiar with the problem under discussion.

Ex. 23. Give an affirmative answer to the questions adding some details.

     Model:
1. Did the lecture you attended yesterday prove interesting?
2. Yes, it did. It proved very interesting, for it was given by an outstanding authority on the problem under discussion.

1. Did the time set aside for the discussions prove adequate? 2. Did the book you were looking for prove available anywhere? 3. Did the paper by Professor P. prove of any special interest to you? 4. Did the conference held at Brighton prove an international gathering?

Ex. 24 Translate into English using the verb prove.

1. Этот метод оказался очень полезным. 2. Времени для дискуссии оказалось достаточно. 3. Доклад оказался весьма интересным. 4. Он оказался одним из ведущих специалистов по обсуждаемому вопросу.

Ex. 25. Make sure you understood the statement right. Use the Passive Voice.

    Model:
1. We shall hold this meeting tonight.
2. So the meeting will be held tonight, won't it?

1. I shall submit my paper in Russian. 2. They reserved half an hour for answering questions. 2. The president addressed the congress. 4. 5500 researchers attended the 5th Congress of Biochemistry. 5. An enjoyable concert followed the opening plenary session. 6. On the last day the president held a reception for all the participants of the congress. 7. Interpreters provided simultaneous translations of all the major contributions.

Ex. 26. A. Say a few words about the paper you have recently written. Mention when you finished writing it; when it was reviewed by your scientific adviser; when you sent it to . . .; when and where it was published; whether the abstract was translated into any foreign language, etc.

     Model: The field of my research is . . . . Four months ago I wrote a paper on . . . .

B. In the same way discuss a paper written by your scientific adviser or by one of your colleagues.

Ex. 27. Answer the following questions. Substitute words and expressions from the text for those in italics.

     Model:
1. Where will the meeting take place?
2. The meeting will be held in room 32.

1. Have you ever been present at a conference (symposium, seminar) connected with the area of your special interests? 2. When and where did it take place? 3. Were there any prominent researchers among the participants? 4. Where were the delegates given rooms? 5. What were the principal topics discussed? 6. Were all the papers presented only in Russian or was an English translation also given? 7. How much time was reserved for discussions? 8. What did this conference (symposium) end with? 9. Can the proceedings of this conference be obtained at the library of your Institute?

Ex. 28. Confirm the following statements. Fill in the blanks with adjectives derived from the same root as the words in italics.

Model:
1. I hope you have enjoyed this concert.
2. Of course, I have. The concert was quite enjoyable.

1. - I believe that these two methods differ greatly.
- You are absolutely right. They are quite . . . .
2. - In my opinion Dr. Green gave a lot of information in his communication.
- I quite agree. His communication was very . . . .
3. - As far as I know, the conference closed with a session held under the presidency of Dr. Jackson.
- Yes, it did. Dr. Jackson presided at the . . . plenary session.
4. - I think that all the delegates were impressed by Dr. Sorenson’s lecture.
- They certainly were. This lecture was quite . . . .
5. - The communication given by Ivanov interested everybody.
- Of course, it did. His communication was really
6. - As far as I know, this exhibition attracted a lot of people.
- Yes, it did. This was a very . . . exhibition.
7. - Nature is a weekly journal of science. You should avail yourself of every opportunity to read the materials published there.
- Of course, I will. I hope this . . .journal is . . . at our Institute library.
8. - To my mind you can use this method in your research.
- I fully agree with you. This method is really
quite . . . .
9. - Everybody would agree that Serov was a great master of portraits.
- So he was. We admire his . . . portraits.
10. - This picture is full of life.
- It certainly is. The colours are bright and . . . .

Ex. 29. Find in the text the combination of nouns with adjectives and attributive nouns equal in meaning to the Russian ones given below.

1. Приятный концерт. 2. Мастерская лекция. 3. Основной докладчик. 4. Содокладчик. 5. Достаточное время. 6. Оживленная дискуссия. 7. Имеющиеся оттиски. 8. Синхронный перевод. 9. Прекрасные приспособления (устройства). 10. Научная программа. 11. Различные страны. 12. Автобусное сообщение. 13. Интересная поездка. 14. Примечательное заседание. 15. Выдающийся доклад. 16. Краткое сообщение. 17. Следующий съезд. 18. Полезная демонстрация (показ). 19. Привлекательная выставка. 20. Величественный дворец.

Ex. 30. Answer the following questions.

1. When and where was the Fifth International Congress of Biochemistry held? 2. Who presided at this congress? 3. What was the number of the participants and that of the guests of the organizing committee? 4. Who gave a lecture in the opening plenary session? 5. What was the number of sections at work? 6. How much time were the main speakers allowed to develop their subject? 7. What helped the foreign participants to take an active part in the work of the congress? 8. What ╚was the closing plenary session especially noteworthy for? 9. Where were most of the participants accommodated? 10. Name the entertainments offered to the delegates of the congress.

Ex. 31. Give an extensive answer to the questions below making use of the words in brackets. Introduce your answers with one of the following phrases: certainly; of course; if I am not mistaken; as far as I know: to my mind.

     M о d e l:
1. Were the participants of the Fifth Congress of Biochemistry offered any entertainments? (session, to be followed by, concert, enjoyable, to arrange, a tour, a reception).
2. Yes, certainly, the cultural program was very interesting. The opening plenary session was followed by a most enjoyable concert. Besides, Intourist arranged a se╛ries of interesting tours and the president of the congress gave a number of receptions to its participants.

1. Was the Fifth Congress of Biochemistry well attended? (the largest congress of this kind yet held; attract workers; be interested (in); the number of participants). 2. The discussions were usually lively, weren't they? (pre-prints available; submit papers; language difficulties;
arrangements for simultaneous translations; excellent; set aside time; prove adequate). 3. What else contributed to the success of the congress? (display; exhibition; scientific apparatus; books dealing with; arrange tours, excursions; give receptions). 4. Were the participants able to attend all the sessions they were especially interested in? (accommodate; students quarters; not far(from); maintain transport; excellent bus service).

Ex. 32. React to the wrong statements below using some of the following introductory phrases: you are not {quite) right; you are mistaken; you seem to be {absolutely} wrong; I can't agree with you.

     Model:
1. If I am not mistaken, the First International Congress of Biochemistry was held in Moscow in 1961.
2. No, you are not right. The First Congress of Biochemistry was held in Cambridge in 1949. It was the Fifth Biochemical Congress which was held in Moscow in 1961.

1. I am of the opinion that the Fifth Congress of Biochemistry was not a very large one. 2. As far as I have heard, the congress held its opening ceremony in the main building of Moscow University. 3. To my mind, the time set aside for discussions was not quite adequate. Besides, language difficulties and the absence of pre-prints prevented them from being lively. 4. As far as I could gather from the text, all the papers had to be submitted in Russian. 5. The accommodations were rather poor, weren't they? 6. It was Professor Green who closed the proceedings. 7. If I am not mistaken, the participants were not informed about the supposed date of the next Biochemical Congress. 8. I believe there were not any special entertainments provided for those who took part in the work of this congress.

Ex. 33. Render the statements below into English. Pay special attention to the translation of Russian verb+noun combinations given in italics.

1.Когда была проведена дискуссия по биохимии? 2. Вы присутствовали на заседании, которое было проведено под председательством д-ра Волкова? 3. Сколько человек присутствовало на этом заседании? 4. Заседание, на котором я присутствовал, было проведено в концертном зале университета. 5. Я должен представить этот доклад в январе. 6. Доклады, представленные делегатами, обсуждались на утреннем заседании. 7. После того как все вопросы были рассмотрены, председательствующий закрыл заседание. 8. Кто организовал эту экскурсию. 9. Экскурсия, организованная Интуристом, была очень интересна. 10. Дайте перевод этой статьи. 11. Сколько вопросов было рассмотрено на утреннем заседании?

Ex. 34. Translate into English using the following prepositions.

at

1. Заседание началось в 9 часов. 2. Дискуссия была проведена в конце заседания. 3. На этом заседании председательствовал (presided) профессор Р. (Mind the order of words). 4. Он работает в научно-исследовательском институте. 5. Эти книги имеются (are available) в нашей библиотеке.

by

6. Я присутствовал на лекции профессора Грина. 7. Я присутствовал на лекции, прочитанной (given) профессором Грином. 8. На симпозиуме присутствовало 100 делегатов. (Give a passive construction). 9. После пленарного заседания состоялся концерт. (Give a passive construction). 10. Ряд интересных поездок был организован Интуристом. (Give a passive construction). 11. Эти данные были получены при помощи радара (radar). 12. Большинство делегатов приехало поездом (train). 13. Статья будет закопчена к июню.

for

14. Он занимается английским три года. 15. Заседание продолжалось четыре часа. 16. Около (about) часа было отведено (set aside) на дискуссию. 17. Приспособления (arrangements) для синхронного перевода (simultaneous translations) были очень хорошими. 18. Интурист организовал ряд интересных поездок для участников конгресса.

in

19. Симпозиум состоялся в 1960 году. 20. Конференция была проведена в Ленинграде в июне. 21. Профессор Л. выступил на открытии конгресса (opening session). 22. Д-р Г. прочтет курс лекций по истории. 23. Он будет читать эти лекции утром в аудитории 5. 24. Они сдали экзамен по физике в сентябре. 25. Когда будет первое занятие по бпологии? 26. Мой друг - специалист по восточным языкам (oriental languages). 27. Она специализируется в биохимии. 28. Мы очень интересуемся исследованиями, проводимыми в Англии. 29. Статья, о которой идет речь, была опубликована в 1962 году. 30. Текст доклада был представлен на русском языке. 31. Напишите по-английски краткое ре╛зюме (summary) вашей статьи.

one

32. Лекция по математике состоится в понедельник (Monday). 33. Симпозиум по генетике начался в среду (Wednesday). 34. Заседание, посвященное космическим излучениям (cosmic radiation) состоится 20 января. 35. Он является одним из крупнейших авторитетов по астронавтике (astronautics). 36. Профессор С. написал ряд интересных статей по сверхтекучести (superfluidity). 37. Они получили ценные данные по спектрам эмиссии (emission spectra). 38. Наша лаборатория расположена на третьем этаже (floor).

under

39. Конференция была проведена под председательством д-ра С. 40. Профессор Е. представил доклад год заглавием . . . . 41. Обсуждаемые вопросы чрезвычайно важны. 42. Он работает под руководством диктора Б. 43. Это правило выполняется (This rule holes) при следующих условиях.

with

44. Заседание началось с доклада академика Н. и закончилось общей (general) дискуссией. 45. Эта статья заканчивается кратким резюме (summary). 46. Он занимается условными рефлексами (conditioned reflexes). 47. Книга касается очень интересных проблем. 48. Вы знакомы (Are you familiar) с этими теориями? 49. Он работает вместе с моей сестрой.

Ex. 35. Translate into English.

A

1. Пятый Международный биохимический конгресс был проведен в Москве в 1961 году под председательством академика Опарина. 2. Открытие конгресса состоялось во Дворце спорта. 3. После пленарного заседания состоялся очень хороший концерт московского симфонического оркестра. 4. Программа конгресса включала ряд симпозиумов. 5. На всех заседаниях присутствовало очень много народа. 6. Основным докладчикам давалось 40 минут для изложения вопроса, а содокладчикам - 15 минут. 7. В конце каждого заседания полчаса отводилось для обсужде╛ния, и затем председательствующий закрывал заседание. 8. Дискуссии бывали обычно весьма оживленными, так как оттиски основных докладов имелись у делегатов до заседаний. 9. В работе секций принимали участие переводчики, которые давали перевод самых важных докладов. 10. Резюме всех докладов на английском языке имелись в виде отдельной книжки. 11. Были также организованы показ научной аппаратуры и выставка книг по самым интересным аспектам биохимии. 12. Большинство участников конгресса было размещено в гостиницах и студенческих общежитиях университета. 13. Сообщение между гостиницами и университетом осуществлялось автобусами. 14. Президент конгресса дал несколько приемов для его участников. 15. Интурист организовал ряд весьма интересных экскурсий и поездок. 16. Конгресс привлек много выдающихся ученых, интересующихся различ╛ными аспектами биохимии. 17. Это был самый крупный конгресс, который когда-либо (до этого) проводился в СССР.

В

18. Экзамен состоится в понедельник. 19. Дискуссия была проведена в актовом зале университета. 20. Симпозиум по генетике был проведен под председательством д-ра Г. 21. Ряд докладов касался различных сторон проблемы наследственности (heredity). 22. Докладчикам давалось полчаса для изложения вопроса. 23. Все доклады обычно сопровождались оживленной дискуссией. 24. Для иностранных (foreign) участников симпозиума давался перевод всех докладов на английский язык. (Mind the order of words). 25. Участники симпозиума были размещены в нескольких крупных гостиницах. 26. Президент Академии наук дал прием для участников симпозиума. 27. Какие вопросы рассматриваются в вашей диссертации (thesis)? 28. Вы интересуетесь физикой твердого тела (solid state physics)? 29. Есть целый ряд проблем, которыми я особенно интересуюсь в настоящее время (at present). 30. Какие английские книги имеются в библиотеке вашего института? 31. В нашей библиотеке имеются книги по важнейшим разделам физики. 32. Вчера я был на очень интересной лекции по химии белков (proteins), которую прочел профессор Б. 33. В своей лекции профессор Б. коснулся наиболее важных сторон этой интереснейшей области биохимии.

Ex. 36. Give a detailed account of a scientific gathering you (your professor, your colleague) attended. The questions below may guide you in preparing your talk.

1. Have you ever attended a scientific congress (conference, symposium)? 2. What problem was it devoted to? 3. When and where was it held? 4. Who was its president? (Under whose presidency was it held?). 5. What was the approximate number of the participants? 6. Were there any foreign delegates invited and if so, in what way were language difficulties dealt with? 7. Where was the opening ceremony held? 8. Who lectured in the opening plenary session and what was the subject under discussion? 9. What was the number of sections at work and how many sessions were usually held simultaneously? 10. Were the abstracts of the main communications available to the delegates before the meetings? 11. Which of the problems touched upon attracted general attention and why? 12. Whom was the most significant communication at this conference given by? 13. What problems did it deal with? 14. Have you given a contribution at this congress (conference, symposium)? 15. How much time were you allowed to develop your subject? 16. How much time was set aside for discussions? Did this time prove adequate? Were the discussions usually lively? 17. Did you take part in any of these discussions? 18. When were the proceedings closed? 19. What was this congress (conference, symposium) especially noteworthy for? 20. Were there any interesting tours or excursions arranged for its participants? 21. How were the delegates accommodated? 22. Was there any banquet given to the participants and guests of this congress (conference, etc.)? 23. Who addressed the banquet? 24. Are you going to attend any other scientific gathering of this kind in the nearest future? 25. When and where is it going to be held?

Ex. 37. Listen to the following texts and answer the questions.

TROPICAL ECOLOGY IN INDIA
A symposium on Ecological Problems in the Tropics was held in Allahabad during February 3-5, 1961. The meetings were attended by more than one hundred scientists from all parts of the country. Dr. Randhawa, vice-president of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in his opening address specifically stressed the importance of ecological research in various development projects that the Governement of India has now taken in hand. Dr. G. S. Puri, director of the Central Botanical Laboratory, Allahabad, who had organized the symposium, pointed out the progress so far made in Indian ecology, and the need for a coordinated research programme in ecological studies in the tropics. He emphasized that the vegetation and animal life in the tropics raised problems peculiar to these climatic conditions.
Forty-five papers were contributed to the symposium. A committee to implement and expand the results of the symposium and to raise the necessary funds needed for supporting the project in co-operation -with the International Society for Tropical Ecology was formed.

1. When and where was the symposium held? 2. What was the number of its participants? 3. Who presided at this symposium? 4. What was the main subject under discussion? 5. How many papers were contributed to this scientific gathering?

THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CANCER CONGRESS

A

68 flags, signifying participants from as many countries, flew at the main entrance of the imposing Moscow State University during the Eighth International Cancer Congress held in Moscow during July 22 - 27, 1962. Estimates of the number of persons attending the six-day meeting varied from five to nine thousand. The international congresses sponsored by the International Union Against Cancer, are held every four years to give scientists from all countries an opportunity to discuss developments and exchange ideas on every aspect of the cancer problem. Nine hundred or more papers, as well as a number of scientific exhibits and films were presented at the 1962 meeting.

1. When and where was the 8th International Can╛cer Congress held? 2. How long did it last? 3. What was the number of countries participating and the number of people attending the meetings? 4. How many papers were presented?

В

The scientific sessions, some 78 in number, were held in six halls of the massive new buildings of Moscow State University on Lenin Hills. The opening and closing ceremonies, however, were held in the Palace of Congresses in the Kremlin.
For many delegates this was a first visit to Moscow and there was considerable curiosity about accommodations, facilities, surroundings, and attitudes to be encountered. But both the hospitality and organization were certainly praiseworthy. Transportation - an obvious problem because of language difficulties and the six-mile distance to the University from the hotels in which most visitors stayed - was remarkably easy; accommodations were good, and the two formal entertainments of the Congress were excellent. As a whole, the Congress proved to those who attended an enjoyable and stimulating experience. In affording this opportunity to exchange scientific ideas on a world-wide basis, the Eighth International Cancer Congress achieved its purpose.

5. How many scientific sessions were held? 6. Was this congress well organized? 7. What is the main purpose of such international gatherings? Was it achieved?

SPACE SCIENCE

A

The First International Space Science Symposium held during the second week of January, 1960 at Nice was attended by nearly 200 delegates from all over the world. In the foyer was arranged an exhibition of instruments for space research with a display of some experimental results.
The meeting at Nice was the first opportunity for a comprehensive presentation of the work being done in various parts of the world, and it provided time for the discussion. Much of the work had been carried out during the International Geophysical Year, but important results obtained since were also presented.
The hundred papers read at the conference were classified under seven headings.
In the opening session, on the Earth's atmosphere, Wexler discussed some of the doubts which have been current concerning the value of meteorological pictures made from satellites. A comprehensive paper by Poloskov presented the7 Russian results on the neutral gas and the ionization.

1. When and where was the 1st International Space Science Symposium held? 2. What 'л as the attendance?
3. How many papers were read at this symposium? 4. What was the opening session devoted to?

В

The great importance of the discovery of Van Alien belts of charged particles was reflected in the session on cosmic radiation and interplanetory gas. 18 papers were read with important contributions from Van Alien, Vernov, Dolginov, Kursanova and their collaborators. The Russian data agreed fairly well with Van Alien's.
The study of solar radiation is one of the most important branches of space science. The extensive and systematic work of the team at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, was reported at the symposium. The session on the Moon and the planets contained a number of papers, reflecting the stimulation of interests in these fields by the rapid development of space technology. Of special note is the serious consideration now being given to space biology. The only results reported in this session concerned the well-known Lunik III photography of the reverse side of the Moon.

5. What was the session on cosmic radiation and interplanetory gas noteworthy for? 6. Was there an agreement between the data presented by the Russian and the American researchers? 7. What is one of the most important branches of space science? 8. What results were presented at the session on the Moon and the planets?

Ex. 38. Read the following texts and render them into English using words and expressions Studied in this section.

17-й МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АСТРОНАВТИЧЕСКИП КОНГРЕСС

      В 1964 году в Мадриде состоялся 17-й Международный астронавтический конгресс. Для участия в конгрессе в столицу Испании съехалось около тысячи делегатов почти из 40 стран мира. Только одна советская делегация насчитывала 35 специалистов. Ректор Ленинградского университета профессор К. Я. Кондратьев выступил на конгрессе с докладом Метеорологические исследования на пилотируемых космических кораблях. Речь в нем шла о возможных средствах для осуществления широкой программы метеорологических исследований. На заседаниях других секций конгресса широко обсуждались инженерные и технические проблемы полетов во вселенной.
     Следующий конгресс решено было созвать в 1967 году в Белграде.

ВСЕСОЮЗНЫЙ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СЪЕЗД И ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ БИОЛОГИИ

     Первый Всесоюзный биохимический съезд, проходивший в Ленинграде с 25 по 31 января 1964 года, явился значительным: событием в научной жизни нашей страны. На съезд из всех республик Советского Союза съехалось свыше 200 участников. Представленные на съезде доклады всесторонне отразили важнейшие направления и успехи отечественной биохимии, как в теоретической, так и в прикладных областях. Рефераты докладов съезда составили три тома. В соответствии с целями съезда была составлена программа работы и установлена тематика пятнадцати симпозиумов и секционных заседаний при них. Большая группа симпозиумов была посвящена важнейшим теоретическим вопросам современной биохимии. Не меньшее место заняли симпозиумы, посвященные проблемам прикладной биохимии. На целом ряде заседаний симпозиумов, и в особенности на секционных заседаниях, было уделено большое внимание методическим вопросам.
     На первом пленарном заседании съезда главным ученым секретарем АН СССР академиком Н. М. Сисакяном была прочитана лекция, в которой докладчик осветил основные задачи, стоящие перед отечественной биохимией. В дальнейшем вся научная работа съезда развернулась на 142 симпозиальных и секционных заседаниях.
     Обзор работы Первого Всесоюзного биохимического съезда позволяет сделать заключение, что съезд прошел успешно и оказал существенную помощь развитию советской биохимии. Во время работы съезда укрепились научные связи наших ученых с биохимиками социалистических стран, присутствовавшими в качестве гостей на съезде.

ШЕСТОЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ КОНГРЕСС

     В 1964 году в Нью-Йорке проходил VI Международный биохимический конгресс (МБК). 6000 ученых почти из всех стран мира, 2500 представленных работ, 400 зачитанных докладов, 10 симпозиумов - таковы цифровые характеристики VI МБК.
     Честь прочитать первую пленарную лекцию была предоставлена члену-корреспонденту АН СССР С. Е. Северину.      Тема его лекции, традиционная для русской биохимической школы, - биохимические особенности мышечной активности.
     Большой интерес вызвал доклад молодого советского биохимика В. Скулачева. Одним из самых ярких докладов на конгрессе назвал президент конгресса Джон Эдсолл доклад молодых докторов наук биохимика Спирина и кристаллографа Киселева. Большой интерес и оживленные дискуссии вызвали и остальные доклады молодых советских ученых. Вообще, как отмечалось всеми, участие многих молодых ученых - характерная черта VI МБК.
     Накануне закрытия конгресса состоялась пресс-конференция советской делегации. Члены делегации рассказали журналистам о своих работах и ответили на многочисленные вопросы.
     Генеральная ассамблея Международного биохимического союза избрала в свой новый состав советских ученых А. Опарина и С. Мардашева.